Anti-Western Intellectualism in Higher Education

Students' Reported Expectations for Expressing Views About Western Civilization

Q1. Challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture could result in a lower grade.
Strongly Agree 88 4.02%
Agree 218 9.96%
Neutral 416 19.01%
Disagree 1,006 45.98%
Strongly Disagree 460 21.02%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 306 13.99%
Neutral 416 19.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,466 67.00%
Q2. Challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture would not affect my grade.
Strongly Agree 525 23.99%
Agree 1,028 46.98%
Neutral 328 14.99%
Disagree 219 10.01%
Strongly Disagree 88 4.02%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,553 70.98%
Neutral 328 14.99%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 307 14.03%
Q3. Challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture could result in a lower grade.
Strongly Agree 684 31.26%
Agree 1,132 51.74%
Neutral 196 8.96%
Disagree 116 5.30%
Strongly Disagree 60 2.74%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,816 83.00%
Neutral 196 8.96%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 176 8.04%
Q4. Challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture would not affect my grade
Strongly Agree 88 4.02%
Agree 131 5.99%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree 1,028 46.98%
Strongly Disagree 700 31.99%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 219 10.01%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,728 78.98%
Q5. Expressing positive views about Western culture could lead to consequences from professors.
Strongly Agree 638 29.16%
Agree 1,134 51.83%
Neutral 178 8.14%
Disagree 153 6.99%
Strongly Disagree 85 3.88%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,772 80.99%
Neutral 178 8.14%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 238 10.88%
Q6. Expressing positive views about Western culture is encouraged among my professors.
Strongly Agree 88 4.02%
Agree 175 8.00%
Neutral 503 22.99%
Disagree 1,028 46.98%
Strongly Disagree 394 18.01%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 263 12.02%
Neutral 503 22.99%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,422 64.99%
Q7. I often hesitate to share my honest views about Western culture in class.
Strongly Agree 548 25.05%
Agree 1,071 48.95%
Neutral 269 12.29%
Disagree 185 8.46%
Strongly Disagree 115 5.26%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,619 74.00%
Neutral 269 12.29%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 300 13.71%
Q8. I feel free to share my honest views about Western culture in class.
Strongly Agree 197 9.00%
Agree 253 11.56%
Neutral 219 10.01%
Disagree 791 36.15%
Strongly Disagree 728 33.27%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 450 20.57%
Neutral 219 10.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,519 69.42%
Q9. Being open about positive views of Western culture could harm my academic or professional future.
Strongly Agree 613 28.02%
Agree 1,094 49.99%
Neutral 263 12.02%
Disagree 153 6.99%
Strongly Disagree 65 2.97%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,707 78.02%
Neutral 263 12.02%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 218 9.96%
Q10. Being open about positive views of Western culture has no impact on my academic or professional future.
Strongly Agree 131 5.99%
Agree 263 12.02%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree 1,050 47.99%
Strongly Disagree 503 22.99%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 394 18.01%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,553 70.98%
Q11. Professors influence how students are expected to think about Western culture
Strongly Agree 873 39.9%
Agree 982 44.88%
Neutral 129 5.90%
Disagree 118 5.39%
Strongly Disagree 86 3.93%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,855 84.78%
Neutral 129 5.90%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 204 9.32%
Q12. Professors encourage independent thinking about Western culture, even when views differ.
Strongly Agree 131 5.99%
Agree 228 10.42%
Neutral 306 13.99%
Disagree 1,106 50.55%
Strongly Disagree 417 19.06%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 459 16.41%
Neutral 306 13.99%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,423 69.61%
Q13. I believe patriotic Americans are happier than unpatriotic Americans.
Strongly Agree 612 27.97%
Agree 1,095 50.05%
Neutral 213 9.73%
Disagree 168 7.68%
Strongly Disagree 100 4.57%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,707 78.02%
Neutral 213 9.73%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 268 12.25%
Q14. I believe patriotic Americans are unhappier than unpatriotic Americans.
Strongly Agree 44 2.01%
Agree 131 5.99%
Neutral 569 26.01%
Disagree 1,028 46.98%
Strongly Disagree 416 19.01%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 175 8.00%
Neutral 569 26.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,444 65.99%
Q15. Western culture has had a generally negative impact on the world
Strongly Agree 66 3.02%
Agree 306 13.99%
Neutral 394 18.01%
Disagree 1,028 46.98%
Strongly Disagree 394 18.01%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 372 17.00%
Neutral 394 18.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,422 64.99%
Q16. Western culture has had a generally positive impact on the world.
Strongly Agree 521 23.81%
Agree 1,054 48.17%
Neutral 248 11.33%
Disagree 227 10.37%
Strongly Disagree 138 6.31%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,575 71.98%
Neutral 248 11.33%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 365 16.68%
Q17. I feel pressure to adopt critical views of Western culture to succeed academically.
Strongly Agree 792 36.20%
Agree 1,036 47.35%
Neutral 88 4.02%
Disagree 167 7.63%
Strongly Disagree 105 4.89%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,728 83.55%
Neutral 88 4.02%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 372 12.43%
Q18. Academic success does not depend on holding critical views of Western culture.
Strongly Agree 131 5.99%
Agree 207 9.46%
Neutral 328 14.99%
Disagree 1,028 46.98%
Strongly Disagree 494 22.58%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 438 15.45%
Neutral 328 14.99%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1422 69.56%
Q19. Campus discussions about Western culture feel emotionally charged rather than balanced
Strongly Agree 656 29.98%
Agree 1,138 52.01%
Neutral 197 9.00%
Disagree 131 5.99%
Strongly Disagree 66 3.02%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,794 81.99%
Neutral 197 9.00%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 197 9.00%
Q20. Campus discussions about Western culture feel balanced and open to multiple perspectives.
Strongly Agree 131 5.99%
Agree 263 12.02%
Neutral 481 21.98%
Disagree 906 41.41%
Strongly Disagree 407 18.60%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 694 18.01%
Neutral 481 21.98%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,013 60.01%
Q21. Since attending college, my views of Western culture have become more negative.
Strongly Agree 421 19.24%
Agree 1,089 49.77%
Neutral 318 14.53%
Disagree 227 10.37%
Strongly Disagree 133 6.08%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,510 69.01%
Neutral 318 14.53%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 360 16.45%
Q22. Since attending college, my views of Western culture have become more positive.
Strongly Agree 183 8.36%
Agree 451 20.61%
Neutral 287 13.12%
Disagree 604 27.61%
Strongly Disagree 663 30.30%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 634 28.98%
Neutral 287 13.12%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,267 57.91%
Q23. I monitor what I say about Western culture to avoid negative reactions.
Strongly Agree 503 22.99%
Agree 1,126 51.46%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree 251 11.47%
Strongly Disagree 67 3.06%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 1,629 74.45%
Neutral 241 11.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 318 14.53%
Q24. I speak openly about Western culture without concern for negative reactions.
Strongly Agree 66 3.02%
Agree 241 11.01%
Neutral 284 12.98%
Disagree 1,072 48.99%
Strongly Disagree 525 23.99%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 307 14.03%
Neutral 284 12.98%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,597 72.99%
Q25. People who express patriotic or pro-Western views are judged negatively on campus.
Strongly Agree 1,128 51.55%
Agree 929 42.46%
Neutral 61 2.79%
Disagree 43 1.97%
Strongly Disagree 27 1.23%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 2,057 94.01%
Neutral 61 2.79%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 70 3.20%
Q26. People who express patriotic or pro-Western views are accepted on campus
Strongly Agree 22 1.01%
Agree 44 2.01%
Neutral 219 10.01%
Disagree 1,116 51.01%
Strongly Disagree 787 35.97%
Total 2,188
Agree / Strongly Agree 66 3.02%
Neutral 219 10.01%
Disagree / Strongly Disagree 1,903 86.97%

Anti-Western Intellectualism in Higher Education

Students' Reported Expectations for Expressing Views About Western Civilization

Q1. Challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture could result in a lower grade.
Figure 1. Response distribution for perceived grading consequences of challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture.
Q2. Challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture would not affect my grade.
Figure 2. Response distribution for perceived grade neutrality when challenging a professor's positive view of Western culture
Q3. Challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture could result in a lower grade.
Figure 3. Response distribution for perceived grading consequences of challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture.
Q4. Challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture would not affect my grade.
Figure 4. Response distribution for perceived grade neutrality when challenging a professor's negative view of Western culture.
Q5. Expressing positive views about Western culture could lead to consequences from professors.
Figure 5. Response distribution for perceived professorial consequences of expressing positive views of Western culture
Q6. Expressing positive views about Western culture is encouraged among my professors.
Figure 6. Response distribution for perceived professorial encouragement of positive views of Western culture.
Q7. I often hesitate to share my honest views about Western culture in class.
Figure 7. Response distribution for hesitation to express views about Western culture in class.
Q8. I feel free to share my honest views about Western culture in class.
Figure 8. Response distribution for perceived freedom to express views about Western culture in class.
Q9. Being open about positive views of Western culture could harm my academic or professional future.
Figure 9. Response distribution for perceived academic or professional consequences of expressing positive views of Western
culture.
Q10. Being open about positive views of Western culture has no impact on my academic or professional future.
Figure 10. Response distribution for perceived absence of academic or professional consequences associated with positive views
of Western culture.
Q11. Professors influence how students are expected to think about Western culture.
Figure 11. Response distribution for perceived professorial influence on expected views of Western culture.
Q12. Professors encourage independent thinking about Western culture, even when views differ.
Figure 12. Response distribution for perceived professorial encouragement of independent thinking about Western culture.
Q13. I believe patriotic Americans are happier than unpatriotic Americans.
Figure 13. Response distribution for perceived association between patriotism and happiness.
Q14. I believe patriotic Americans are unhappier than unpatriotic Americans.
Figure 14. Response distribution for perceived association between patriotism and unhappiness.
Q15. Western culture has had a generally negative impact on the world.
Figure 15. Response distribution for perceptions of the negative global impact of Western culture.
Q16. Western culture has had a generally positive impact on the world.
Figure 16. Response distribution for perceptions of the positive global impact of Western culture.
Q17. I feel pressure to adopt critical views of Western culture to succeed academically.
Figure 17. Response distribution for perceived academic pressure to adopt critical views of Western culture.
Q18. Academic success does not depend on holding critical views of Western culture.
Figure 18. Response distribution for perceived independence of academic success from critical views of Western culture.
Q19. Campus discussions about Western culture feel emotionally charged rather than balanced.
Figure 19. Response distribution for perceptions of campus discussions about Western culture as emotionally charged rather than
balanced
Q20. Campus discussions about Western culture feel balanced and open to multiple perspectives.
Figure 20. Response distribution for perceptions of campus discussions about Western culture as balanced and open to multiple
perspectives.
Q21. Since attending college, my views of Western culture have become more negative.
Figure 21. Response distribution for self-reported shifts toward more negative views of Western culture since attending college.
Q22. Since attending college, my views of Western culture have become more positive.
Figure 22. Response distribution for self-reported shifts toward more positive views of Western culture since attending college.
Q23. I monitor what I say about Western culture to avoid negative reactions.
Figure 23. Response distribution for self-monitoring of speech about Western culture to avoid negative reactions.
Q24. I speak openly about Western culture without concern for negative reactions.
Figure 24. Response distribution for perceived freedom to speak about Western culture without concern for negative reactions.
Q25. People who express patriotic or pro-Western views are judged negatively on campus.
Figure 25. Response distribution for perceived negative judgment of patriotic or pro-Western views on campus.
Q26. People who express patriotic or pro-Western views are accepted on campus.
Figure 26. Response distribution for perceived acceptance of patriotic or pro-Western views on campus.